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Drum - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The drum is a member of the group of musical instruments, which is technically classified as the . Drums consist of at least one , called a or drum skin, that is stretched over a shell and struck, either directly with the players hands, or with a , to produce . There is usually a resonance head on the underside of the drum, these are usually tuned to a slightly lower pitch than the top drumhead. Other techniques have been used to cause drums to make sound, such as the . Drums are the worlds oldest and most ubiquitous musical instruments, and the basic design has remained virtually unchanged for thousands of years.

All types of drums such as for example are always tuned to a certain pitch. Often, several drums, other than timpani drums, can be arranged together to create a .

Drums are usually played by the hand, or by one or two sticks. In many traditional cultures drums have a symbolic function and are often used in religious ceremonies. Drums are often used in , especially hand drums, because of their tactile nature and easy use by a wide variety of people.

Within the realm of and , drums usually refers to a or a set of drums (with some ) and to the actual band member or person who plays them.

Drums acquired even divine status in places such as , where the was a symbol of the power of the king.

Drum carried by John Unger, Company B, 40th Regiment New York Veteran Volunteer Infantry Mozart Regiment, December 20, 1863

The shell almost invariably has a circular opening over which the drumhead is stretched, but the shape of the remainder of the shell varies widely. In the western musical tradition, the most usual shape is a , although , for example, use -shaped shells. Other shapes include a frame design ( , ), truncated cones ( , ), ( ), and joined truncated cones ( ).

Drums with cylindrical shells can be open at one end (as is the case with ), or can have two drum heads. Single-headed drums typically consist of a skin which is stretched over an enclosed space, or over one of the ends of a hollow vessel. Drums with two heads covering both ends of a cylindrical shell often have a small hole somewhat halfway between the two heads; the shell forms a chamber for the resulting sound. Exceptions include the African , also known as a log drum as it is made from a hollowed-out tree trunk, and the , made from a metal barrel. Drums with two heads can also have a set of wires, called snares, held across the bottom head, top head, or both heads, hence the name .

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